Kreiranje zapreminskog 3D modela karlične kosti čoveka u uslovima nepotpunih ulaznih volumetrijskih podataka

Human hip bone represents a very complex morphological structure of irregular shape, resulting from the fusion of three primarily stand-alone bones. So, obtaining an accurate 3D model is a complex process, with the condition that a sufficiently dense point cloud is provided. In the first phase of the research, the hip bone model is obtained in reverse engineering process. The procedure itself is time consuming and requires a dedicated CT scan. So, the method of parametric regions is developed. The method allows obtaining a 3D model, even in cases where the volumetric data are not complete or when obtaining data is only possible from a two-dimensional, 2D scans. Anatomical landmarks (a total of 34) were defined at the bones. These anatomical landmarks are interconnected by parameters. Therefore, 58 parameters were defined, classified in two groups: parameters whose values are measured (21), and parameters whose values are obtained on the basis of regression equations (37). The points on the curves obtained by cutting the polygonal model with planes that are passing through given parameters are defined. The points at the parts of the polygonal models which describe the edges of the hip bone and the points that belong to certain parts of the bone are also defined. Parts of the surface that are bound with parameters represent the regions. In order to automate the processes three VBA macros are developed. The results were tested at the arbitrarily selected hip bone, using the methodology for creating the prediction model, which allows the creation of complete polygonal model or each region separately. It is also possible to create parts of the region - sub-regions, on the external or internal side of the hip bone or on both of its sides. Neighboring regions may be brought together. Connecting the region with parts of the obtained polygonal surfaces which describe the edges of the hip bone is also enabled

REVERSE ENGINEERING OF THE HUMAN FIBULA BY USING METHOD OF ANATOMICAL FEATURES

This paper describes reverse engineering (RE) of human fibula, on right male bone, using the method of anatomical features (MAF) with the aim to obtain 3D surface model. The first step in the process of reverse engineering was CT scanning and digitalization of data. CT data were obtained with Toshiba MSCT scanner Aquillion 64 and saved in DICOM format. This data were subjected to further processing and imported in Computer Aided Design (CAD) program as STL file. The process continues in CAD program with identification and determination of Referential Geometrical Entities (RGEs) which are crucial for RE process. These RGEs are the basis for definition of axis and planes of intersection. Intersecting polygonal model of fibula bone on upper and lower extremities and the body with these planes gives as result set of curves, which were used for points determination on them. Through these points splines were pulled, and with loft function surface models of extremities and the body of fibula bone is built. Joining and merging of these models leaded to 3D shape model of fibula bone. Accuracy of the model is confirmed by conducting distance and deviation analysis. Model is suitable for rapid prototyping, reconstruction missing parts of fibula bone, orthopedic training and simulation

ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN CEPHALOMETRIC PARAMETERS IMPORTANT FOR DENTAL PRACTICE

Cephalometry is a measurement of the head by imaging, also taking into account the layer which consists of all the soft tissues of the head. Following the introduction of computed tomography (CT), 3D reconstruction of the head and neck structures and 3D analysis of angular and linear cephalometric parameters was enabled. This study aimed to determine the characteristic cephalometric parameters, using the 2D reconstruction of the multi-slice CT (MSCT) images, which are essential for computer designing of the parametric-geometric-mathematical model (PGMM) of the human skull. We conducted the study on 20 CT scans of adult patients (12 males and 8 females), taken from the radiology archive of the Clinical Center in Niš. Measurements were done on 2D reconstruction images of preselected 3D images of the human head created using MSCT. The values of 29 linear cephalometric parameters (LCP) and 20 angular cephalometric parameters (ACP) were determined. Statistically significant differences between males and females were noted for the distance between the points Sella and Supraorbitale and for the distance between the points Subspinale and Labium superius. Mean values of cephalometric parameters obtained by measurements on 2D CT images can be used to generate normative parameters which represent values used to generate 3D PGMM of the human skull. This PGMM of the skull may allow a more accurate diagnosis, better selection of treatment methods and more accurate prognosis for healing in orthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial surgery

Kreiranje zapreminskog 3D modela karlične kosti čoveka u uslovima nepotpunih ulaznih volumetrijskih podataka

Human hip bone represents a very complex morphological structure of irregular shape, resulting from the fusion of three primarily stand-alone bones. So, obtaining an accurate 3D model is a complex process, with the condition that a sufficiently dense point cloud is provided. In the first phase of the research, the hip bone model is obtained in reverse engineering process. The procedure itself is time consuming and requires a dedicated CT scan. So, the method of parametric regions is developed. The method allows obtaining a 3D model, even in cases where the volumetric data are not complete or when obtaining data is only possible from a two-dimensional, 2D scans. Anatomical landmarks (a total of 34) were defined at the bones. These anatomical landmarks are interconnected by parameters. Therefore, 58 parameters were defined, classified in two groups: parameters whose values are measured (21), and parameters whose values are obtained on the basis of regression equations (37). The points on the curves obtained by cutting the polygonal model with planes that are passing through given parameters are defined. The points at the parts of the polygonal models which describe the edges of the hip bone and the points that belong to certain parts of the bone are also defined. Parts of the surface that are bound with parameters represent the regions. In order to automate the processes three VBA macros are developed. The results were tested at the arbitrarily selected hip bone, using the methodology for creating the prediction model, which allows the creation of complete polygonal model or each region separately. It is also possible to create parts of the region - sub-regions, on the external or internal side of the hip bone or on both of its sides. Neighboring regions may be brought together. Connecting the region with parts of the obtained polygonal surfaces which describe the edges of the hip bone is also enabled

Use of monolithic supports for high-throughput protein and peptide separation in proteomics

The exclusive properties of monolithic supports enable fast mass transfer, high porosity, low back pressure, easy preparation process and miniaturisation, and the availability of different chemistries make them particularly suitable materials for high-throughput (HTP) protein and peptide separation. In this review recent advances in monolith-based chromatographic supports for HTP screening of protein and peptide samples are presented and their application in HTP sample preparation (separation, enrichment, depletion, proteolytic digestion) for HTP proteomics is discussed. Development and applications of different monolithic capillary columns in HTP MS-based bottom-up and top-down proteomics are overviewed. By discussing the chromatographic conditions and the mass spectrometric data acquisition conditions an attempt is made to present currently demonstrated capacities of monolithic capillary columns for HTP identification and quantification of proteins and peptides from complex biological samples by MS-based proteomics. Some recent advances in basic monolith technology of importance for proteomics are also discussed.Peer-reviewed manuscript: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2976